Nasal Bone Deviation
Nasal bone deviation, commonly known as “deviation”
It is a condition of nasal obstruction that occurs as a result of the nasal septum shifting away from the midline. It is also referred to as nasal bone deviation. The nose can be thought of as a tunnel divided into two by a central wall. In medicine, this wall is called the “nasal septum.” If the width, length, and volume of both nasal passages are similar, then a healthy nasal structure exists.
The central wall of the nose is covered on both sides with a thin mucosal layer. Between these layers lies cartilage, and in the lower and posterior parts there is a bony structure. In a healthy nose, the airway widens after the narrow entrance region. This widened area allows air to warm, humidify, filter, and be directed to specific regions before passing to the upper throat. The upper throat region is also narrow like the entrance. If there is a problem in any part of these nasal passages, airflow becomes restricted, usually due to a deviation of the septum.
Causes of Nasal Deviation
The nasal septum begins to develop while the baby is still in the womb, continuing until approximately 17–18 years of age. After this period, nasal growth is considered complete. Genetic factors during development may cause the nasal bone to become crooked. Additionally, trauma to the nose can damage the septum, resulting in deviation.
Who is Affected by Nasal Bone Deviation?
Approximately 80% of the population has some degree of nasal deviation. However, most cases are mild and do not cause clinical problems. There is no gender predilection; it affects males and females equally. Severe cases require treatment.
At What Ages Is It Most Common?
Nasal deviation may be present at birth or develop during growth periods. It is often unnoticed or detected later in adulthood during routine health checks.
Symptoms of Nasal Bone Deviation
- Unilateral or bilateral nasal obstruction
- Mouth breathing
- Frequent nosebleeds
- Unilateral nasal discharge and blockage
- Headaches, facial pain, postnasal drip
- Frequent sinus infections
- Noisy breathing during sleep in children or infants
What Problems Can Nasal Deviation Cause?
Nasal septum deviation may lead to three main categories of problems: loss of performance, loss of comfort, and other health issues.
Risks of Loss of Comfort
Nasal breathing plays a crucial role in overall health. Comfort includes better oxygen intake, smell, and taste perception.
Importance of Nasal Breathing
Nasal breathing is essential because the nose acts as a natural air conditioner, warming, humidifying, and filtering the air. Mouth breathing eliminates these benefits and may cause dry mouth, bad breath, snoring, dental issues, fatigue, sleep problems, loss of appetite, and hyperactivity.
- Bad breath
- Dry mouth
- Snoring
- Dental problems
- Daytime sleepiness
- Restlessness
- Loss of appetite
- Hyperactivity
- Fatigue upon waking
Performance Decline Due to Nasal Deviation
- Difficulty concentrating
- General fatigue
- Reduced enjoyment in daily life
- Weight gain
- Health problems
- Decreased performance at work or school
If left untreated, nasal deviation may contribute to sinusitis, middle ear pressure problems, sleep apnea, nasal infections, and in severe cases, heart rhythm disorders or heart failure.
How is the Surgery Performed?
Diagnosis is made by an ENT specialist using endoscopic examination. After evaluation, patients suitable for surgery undergo necessary tests and are prepared for the procedure.
During septum surgery, the deviated cartilage and bone structures inside the nose are corrected. The procedure is usually performed using a closed technique, but in some cases an open approach is required.
Postoperative Care and Discharge
Patients are usually discharged on the same day. Silicone splints placed inside the nose are removed after a few days. Regular nasal cleaning and follow-up visits are important.
Possible Complications After Surgery
- Blood accumulation inside the nose
- Bleeding
- Adhesions inside the nose
- Septal perforation
- Infection
With proper surgical technique and care, the risk of complications is very low.
